Background: As an insulin-dependent disease, type 1 diabetes requires paying close attention to the glycemic\ncontrol. Studies have shown that mobile health (mHealth) can improve the management of chronic diseases.\nHowever, the effectiveness of mHealth in controlling the glycemic control remains uncertain. The objective of this\nstudy was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis using the available literature reporting findings on\nmHealth interventions, which may improve the management of type 1 diabetes.\nMethods: We performed a systematic literature review of all studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMbase\ndatabases that used mHealth (including mobile phones) in diabetes care and reported glycated hemoglobin\n(HbA1c) values as a measure of glycemic control. The fixed effects model was used for this meta-analysis.\nResults: This study analyzed eight studies, which involved a total of 602 participants. In the meta-analysis, the fixed\neffects model showed a statistically significant decrease in the mean of HbA1c in the intervention group:- 0.25\n(95% confidence interval:- 0.41,- 0.09; P = 0.003, I^2 = 12%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the patientâ??s age, the\ntype of intervention, and the duration of the intervention influenced blood glucose control. Funnel plots showed\nno publication bias.\nConclusions: Mobile health interventions may be effective among patients with type 1 diabetes. A significant\nreduction in HbA1c levels was associated with adult age, the use of a mobile application, and the long-term duration\nof the intervention.
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